In general, what you’re talking about here is the implementation of a “row-level security” system.
The Django permissions system makes it possible for you to implement this, but doesn’t provide a default implementation. (It’s really not practical to do so.)
There are a couple of libraries that have been developed to help with this, you can find them by searching djangopackages.org.
It’s also a topic that been talked about here in a couple of different places. See Give permissions to users per company for one such discussion.