I have created this affiliate model:
class Affiliate(models.Model):
user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
tracking_code = ShortUUIDField(unique=True, length=100, max_length=200, alphabet="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvxyz1234567890")
product = models.ManyToManyField(store_model.Product)
commission = models.CharField(max_length=5000, null=True, blank=True)
earning = models.CharField(max_length=5000, null=True, blank=True)
status = models.CharField(max_length=30, choices=ACTIVE_STATUS, default="Active")
date= models.DateField(auto_now_add=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.user
With the user
field, i get this error:
TypeError at /admin/affiliate/affiliate/add/
__str__ returned non-string (type NoneType)
This error occurs when i am trying to add an object from the Django admin panel.
But without the user field, everything works fine, but I need the user field to be included in the model.
What could be going wrong here?
This is the full traceback
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
July 20, 2023 - 10:04:58
Django version 3.2.18, using settings 'ecommerce_prj.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.
Internal Server Error: /admin/affiliate/affiliate/add/
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 47, in inner
response = get_response(request)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 204, in _get_response
response = response.render()
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\response.py", line 105, in render
self.content = self.rendered_content
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\response.py", line 83, in rendered_content
return template.render(context, self._request)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\backends\django.py", line 61, in render
return self.template.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 170, in render
return self._render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 162, in _render
return self.nodelist.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 938, in render
bit = node.render_annotated(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 905, in render_annotated
return self.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\loader_tags.py", line 150, in render
return compiled_parent._render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 162, in _render
return self.nodelist.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 938, in render
bit = node.render_annotated(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 905, in render_annotated
return self.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\loader_tags.py", line 150, in render
return compiled_parent._render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 162, in _render
return self.nodelist.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 938, in render
bit = node.render_annotated(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 905, in render_annotated
return self.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\loader_tags.py", line 62, in render
result = block.nodelist.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 938, in render
bit = node.render_annotated(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 905, in render_annotated
return self.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\loader_tags.py", line 62, in render
result = block.nodelist.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 938, in render
bit = node.render_annotated(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 905, in render_annotated
return self.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\loader_tags.py", line 62, in render
result = block.nodelist.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 938, in render
bit = node.render_annotated(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 905, in render_annotated
return self.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\loader_tags.py", line 195, in render
return template.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 172, in render
return self._render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 162, in _render
return self.nodelist.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 938, in render
bit = node.render_annotated(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 905, in render_annotated
return self.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\defaulttags.py", line 214, in render
nodelist.append(node.render_annotated(context))
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 905, in render_annotated
return self.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\defaulttags.py", line 315, in render
return nodelist.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 938, in render
bit = node.render_annotated(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 905, in render_annotated
return self.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\loader_tags.py", line 195, in render
return template.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 172, in render
return self._render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 162, in _render
return self.nodelist.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 938, in render
bit = node.render_annotated(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 905, in render_annotated
return self.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\defaulttags.py", line 214, in render
nodelist.append(node.render_annotated(context))
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 905, in render_annotated
return self.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\defaulttags.py", line 214, in render
nodelist.append(node.render_annotated(context))
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 905, in render_annotated
return self.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\defaulttags.py", line 315, in render
return nodelist.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 938, in render
bit = node.render_annotated(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 905, in render_annotated
return self.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 994, in render
return render_value_in_context(output, context)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 973, in render_value_in_context
value = str(value)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\utils\html.py", line 376, in <lambda>
klass.__str__ = lambda self: mark_safe(klass_str(self))
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\forms\boundfield.py", line 34, in __str__
return self.as_widget()
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\forms\boundfield.py", line 97, in as_widget
renderer=self.form.renderer,
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\forms\widgets.py", line 246, in render
context = self.get_context(name, value, attrs)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\widgets.py", line 283, in get_context
'rendered_widget': self.widget.render(name, value, attrs),
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\forms\widgets.py", line 246, in render
context = self.get_context(name, value, attrs)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\forms\widgets.py", line 683, in get_context
context = super().get_context(name, value, attrs)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\forms\widgets.py", line 644, in get_context
context['widget']['optgroups'] = self.optgroups(name, context['widget']['value'], attrs)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\forms\widgets.py", line 592, in optgroups
for index, (option_value, option_label) in enumerate(self.choices):
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\forms\models.py", line 1170, in __iter__
yield self.choice(obj)
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\forms\models.py", line 1184, in choice
self.field.label_from_instance(obj),
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\forms\models.py", line 1253, in label_from_instance
return str(obj)
TypeError: __str__ returned non-string (type NoneType)
[20/Jul/2023 10:05:03] "GET /admin/affiliate/affiliate/add/ HTTP/1.1" 500 717083
Exception ignored in: <generator object cursor_iter at 0x00000164A46FAEC8>
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Destiny Franks\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 1649, in cursor_iter
cursor.close()
sqlite3.ProgrammingError: Cannot operate on a closed database.