What’s happening is that YouTube is calling the on_progress_callback with a different set of arguments than your function progress_function expects. In particular, it’s not supplying the fourth argument, AKA bytes_remaining. If you look at the course code for that class, you should be able to see how on_progress_callback is called and what the actual signature will be.
Do you have a link for the PyTube repo/project? The only thing I found was a sourceforge project from 2009.